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The full understanding of the paper requires a good knowledge of mathematics, some biology, and some elementary chemistry. The theory does not make any new hypotheses it merely suggests that certain well-known physical laws are sufficient to account for many of the facts. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a possible mechanism by which the genes of a zygote may determine the anatomical structure of the resulting organism. It is also suggested that stationary waves in two dimensions could account for the phenomena of phyllotaxis. Another reaction system in two dimensions gives rise to patterns reminiscent of dappling.
Such a system appears to account for gastrulation. A system of reactions and diffusion on a sphere is also considered. It is suggested that this might account, for instance, for the tentacle patterns on Hydra and for whorled leaves. In the most interesting form stationary waves appear on the ring. It is found that there are six essentially different forms which this may take. The investigation is chiefly concerned with the onset of instability.
Such reaction-diffusion systems are considered in some detail in the case of an isolated ring of cells, a mathematically convenient, though biologically unusual system. Such a system, although it may originally be quite homogeneous, may later develop a pattern or structure due to an instability of the homogeneous equilibrium, which is triggered off by random disturbances. It is suggested that a system of chemical substances, called morphogens, reacting together and diffusing through a tissue, is adequate to account for the main phenomena of morphogenesis.
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